Objective: Deficits in emotion regulation, which arise from difficulties in effectively managing and coping with emotions, play a significant role in the initiation and persistence of substance abuse. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion regulation training based on Gross’s model in reducing impulsivity and improving emotion regulation in men with substance use disorders. Method: This experimental study employed a pretest–posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all individuals receiving treatment in addiction rehabilitation centers in Sanandaj. A total of 30 participants were selected and randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: Findings revealed that emotion regulation training significantly reduced impulsivity and improved emotion regulation in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Since male substance abusers are frequently exposed to negative emotions and tend to act impulsively and without planning in such situations, emotion regulation training can be considered an effective therapeutic intervention. Enhancing their ability to regulate emotions improves self-control and reduces maladaptive behaviors associated with drug abuse.